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Varanasi, one of the oldest living cities in the world, is a place that offers a blend of rich history, deep spirituality, and cultural vibrancy. Situated on the banks of the sacred Ganges River in northern India, Varanasi is considered the spiritual heart of the country and attracts millions of tourists and pilgrims each year. Known by many names – Kashi, Benares, or Banaras – the city has been a center of learning, culture, and spirituality for over 3,000 years. Whether you’re seeking spiritual enlightenment, historical exploration, or cultural experiences, Varanasi has something to offer for everyone. Here are some of the top things to do when visiting this enchanting city.
1. Witness the Evening Ganga Aarti at Dashashwamedh Ghat
One of the most iconic experiences in Varanasi is attending the evening Ganga Aarti at Dashashwamedh Ghat, where the sacred river Ganges is worshipped with a mesmerizing ceremony. Held every evening at sunset, this aarti is a spectacular visual feast, where priests dressed in traditional attire perform a series of rituals involving fire, incense, music, and chanting. The sight of thousands of pilgrims and tourists gathering at the ghat, along with the soft glow of the oil lamps, creates a surreal atmosphere, making this experience unforgettable.
The spiritual energy at the ghat is palpable, and for many visitors, this aarti symbolizes the essence of Varanasi’s devotion to the Ganges. You can also take a boat ride along the river to get a stunning view of the ceremony from the water.
2. Take a Boat Ride on the Ganges River
A boat ride on the Ganges is an essential experience for any traveler visiting Varanasi. As the sun rises over the ghats, the city comes to life in a mesmerizing way. You’ll see pilgrims taking ritualistic dips in the holy river, locals performing their daily activities, and sadhus (holy men) meditating by the water.
The boat ride allows you to view the ghats, temples, and vibrant life along the riverbank from a unique perspective. The best time to go is early in the morning when the river is calm, you can see morning ganga aarti, and the city is still waking up, with the mist creating a mystical vibe. You may also want to experience the river at sunset, where the setting sun casts a beautiful glow over the entire city.
3. Explore the Kashi Vishwanath Temple
The Kashi Vishwanath Templeis the most famous and revered temple in Varanasi, dedicated to Lord Shiva, one of the principal deities in Hinduism. It is considered one of the twelve Jyotirlingas (the holiest shrines of Shiva). A visit to this temple is a spiritual journey in itself. With its golden spire, intricate architecture, and serene atmosphere, the Kashi Vishwanath Temple holds immense significance for Hindus, who believe that performing rituals here can liberate one’s soul from the cycle of life and death (moksha).
The temple is located near the banks of the Ganges and is an important pilgrimage site. While it’s often crowded, especially during festivals like Maha Shivaratri, it is worth visiting to experience the devotion and reverence that the temple attracts.
4. Visit the Ghats of Varanasi
Varanasi is home to over 80 ghats, each with its own history and significance. The ghats are essentially steps leading down to the river and serve as places for bathing, prayer, and cremation. Some of the most prominent ghats include:
- Manikarnika Ghat: The most famous ghat, where cremations are held 24/7. It’s believed that if you are cremated here, your soul attains liberation. This ghat offers an intimate, though solemn, glimpse into the cycle of life and death in Varanasi.
- Assi Ghat: Popular with tourists and locals alike, Assi Ghatis located at the southern end of the city. It’s an excellent spot for a morning boat ride or a peaceful evening walk along the river.
- Harishchandra Ghat: Another ghat used for cremation, Harishchandra Ghatis associated with the legend of King Harishchandra, who was known for his unwavering commitment to truth and justice.
A walk along the ghats, especially in the early morning or evening, will allow you to experience the unique blend of spirituality, ritual, and everyday life that defines Varanasi.
5. Visit Sarnath – The Birthplace of Buddhism
Located just 10 kilometers from Varanasi, Sarnathis one of the most important Buddhist pilgrimage sites in the world. It was here that Gautama Buddha gave his first sermon after attaining enlightenment, making it the birthplace of Buddhism. The serene surroundings and historical significance make Sarnath a must-visit place for anyone interested in Buddhism or Indian history.
The Dhamek Stupa, built in the 5th century, marks the spot where Buddha delivered his first sermon. Nearby, the Archaeological Museumhouses a vast collection of Buddhist artifacts and relics. The peaceful ambiance and the presence of several monasteries in the area make Sarnath an ideal location for meditation and introspection.
6. Stroll Through the Narrow Lanes of Varanasi’s Old City
Varanasi is famous for its narrow, labyrinthine lanes that wind through the old city. These lanes are bustling with life, filled with small shops selling everything from religious items and local handicrafts to sweet treats and spices. As you walk through these lanes, you’ll encounter temples, ancient buildings, and vibrant street vendors.
One of the best ways to explore Varanasi is by simply getting lost in these winding lanes, where you can discover hidden gems like Banaras Hindu University (BHU), the Durga Temple, and a variety of small, atmospheric cafes. The old city’s charm lies in its chaotic yet harmonious atmosphere, where tradition and modernity coexist in a beautiful, unexpected way.
7. Explore the Banaras Hindu University (BHU)
The Banaras Hindu University is one of the largest and oldest residential universities in Asia, known for its sprawling campus and historical significance. Founded by Pandit Madan Mohan Malviya in 1916, BHU is not just an academic institution but also a cultural hub. The campus is home to several temples, including the Vishwanath Templewithin the university grounds, and is often less crowded than the main Kashi Vishwanath Temple.
The BHU Art Museum showcases a fine collection of sculptures and artifacts from various periods in Indian history, and the Sankat Mochan Hanuman Templeon the campus is a peaceful place for reflection.
8. Attend a Classical Music or Dance Performance
Varanasi has long been a center for classical music and dance, with a rich tradition of Hindustani classical music. The city has been home to legendary musicians and artists, including sitar virtuoso Ravi Shankar. You can often find classical music and dance performances in the evenings at venues such as the Ravindra Bhawan or the Bhartiya Vidya Bhavan. If you’re a lover of music and dance, be sure to attend one of these performances to experience the soul-stirring sounds of sitar, tabla, and flute, accompanied by graceful Kathak dance performances.
9. Taste the Local Cuisine
Varanasi is a paradise for food lovers, with a wide range of traditional and street food options. From kachaudi (fried bread) and jalebi (sweet, fried dessert) to banarasi paan (betel leaf), the city’s culinary offerings are rich, flavorful, and diverse. Be sure to try lassi from one of the famous lassi shops, like Blue Lassi, and don’t miss out on samosas and chaatfrom the local stalls.
For a more traditional experience, try kashi chaat, which includes spicy potatoes, chickpeas, and chutneys. The local food is an essential part of the Varanasi experience, adding to the city’s sensory appeal.
Conclusion
Varanasi is a city that offers something for everyone – whether you’re on a spiritual quest, a cultural exploration, or simply seeking an adventure. From the sacred ghats of the Ganges to the peaceful ruins of Sarnath, every corner of Varanasi tells a story. It’s a place where history, spirituality, and culture come together to create a truly unique experience. No matter what draws you to Varanasi, one thing is certain: this city will leave an indelible mark on your heart.